Stigma, Status and the State: Why Sub-Classification Fails The Test of Substantive Equality

Last month, the Supreme Court asked the Centre to submit an affidavit along with Action Taken Report detailing steps taken to implement its August 1, 2024 judgment permitting sub-classification with SCs for reservation purposes and extending creamy layer principle to SCs. This marks a tremendous shift in Indiaโ€™s reservation jurisprudence from two-decade old E.V. Chinnaiah v. State of Andhra Pradesh. While Chinnaiah had held that SCs cannot be sub-divided and constitute a legal monolith, in Davinder Singh, the court empowered the states to do so. The courtโ€™s rationale says that sub-classification constitutes โ€œtinkering with benefitsโ€ rather than โ€œtinkering with the listโ€. The author proposes that the real solution of the problem is rooted in โ€œspecial careโ€ obligations under DPSPs arguing for targeted developmental actions instead of sub-classification of a unified political identity.

Deciphering Sub-Categorisation in Scheduled Castes: Redefining Equity or Reinforcing Division?

This blog critically examines the sub-categorisation of Scheduled Castes in India, highlighting its role in redefining equity and ensuring fairer distribution of affirmative action benefits. While it promises to empower the most marginalised, it also raises concerns about reinforcing caste divisions and political motivations behind such policy shifts.

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